National Geographics

wallpapers for desktop 3d

2011-09-04T20:11:00.000-07:00

wallpapers for desktop 3d
wallpapers for desktop 3d nature
wallpapers for desktop 3d mozilla
wallpapers for desktop 3d
wallpapers for desktop 3d world
wallpapers for desktop 3d
wallpapers for desktop 3d
wallpapers for desktop 3d
wallpapers for desktop 3d
wallpapers for desktop 3d
wallpapers for desktop 3d

african elephant wallpaper

2011-09-04T20:01:00.000-07:00

african elephant wallpaper
african elephant wallpaper
african elephant wallpaper
african elephant wallpaper
african elephant wallpaper
african elephant wallpaper
african elephant wallpaper
african elephant wallpaper
african elephant wallpaper
african elephant wallpaper

blood pressure medicines

2011-09-04T19:53:00.000-07:00

blood pressure medicines
blood pressure medicines tablets
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blood pressure medicines capsole
Blood pressure medicines

beautiful parrots pictures

2011-09-04T03:08:00.000-07:00

beautiful parrots
most beautiful parrots
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beautiful parrots pictures
beautiful parrots painting
beautiful parrots
Beautiful Parrots
Beautiful Parrots
Beautiful Parrots In Australia

tiger shark wallpaper

2011-09-04T02:58:00.000-07:00

tiger shark wallpaper
tiger shark wallpaper
tiger shark wallpaper
tiger shark wallpaper
tiger shark wallpaper
tiger shark wallpaper

beautiful wallpapers of heart

2011-09-04T02:41:00.000-07:00

beautiful wallpapers of heart
beautiful wallpapers of heart
beautiful wallpapers of heart
beautiful wallpapers of heart
beautiful wallpapers heart
beautiful wallpapers heart
beautiful wallpapers of heart
beautiful wallpapers of heart
beautiful wallpapers of heart
beautiful wallpapers of heart
beautiful wallpapers of heart
beautiful wallpapers of heart
beautiful wallpapers of heart

beautiful animals

2011-09-04T00:12:00.000-07:00

beautiful animals
beautiful animals elephant
beautiful animals
beautiful animals cats
beautiful animals
beautiful animals
Beautiful Animals cats
Beautiful Animals butterfly
Beautiful Animals panda
Beautiful Animals tiger

bear pictures

2011-09-03T23:55:00.000-07:00

bear pictures
bear pictures funny
bear pictures baby
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black bear pictures

leopard wallpaper

2011-09-03T23:45:00.000-07:00

leopard wallpaper
leopard wallpaper
leopard wallpaper
leopard wallpaper
leopard wallpaper
leopard wallpaper
leopard wallpaper
leopard wallpaper

harris hawks african eagle

2011-09-03T23:36:00.001-07:00

harris hawks wallpaper
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harris hawks
harris hawks african eagle
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harris hawks
harris hawks
harris hawks

mongoose vs cobra pictures biography and video

2011-09-03T23:21:00.000-07:00

Mongoose (Herpestidae) are a family of 33 living species of small carnivorans from southern Eurasia and mainland Africa. Four additional species from Madagascar in the subfamily Galidiinae, which were previously classified in this family, are also referred to as "mongooses" or "mongoose-like". Genetic evidence indicates that the Galidiinae are more closely related to other Madagascar carnivorans in the family Eupleridae, which is the closest living group to the true mongooses.
Name
The word mongoose is derived from the Marathi name mangus (मंगूस) (pronounced as [məŋɡuːs]), perhaps ultimately from Dravidian (cf. Telugu mungeesa (ముంగిస), Kannada mungisi (ಮುಂಗಿಸಿ). The form of the English name (since 1698) was altered to its -goose ending by folk-etymology. It has no etymological connection with the word goose. The plural form is mongooses, or, rarely, mongeese. It has also been spelled mungoose.
Mongooses bear a striking resemblance to mustelids, having long faces and bodies, small rounded ears, short legs, and long tapering tails. Most are brindled or grizzly; few have strongly marked coats. They have non-retractile claws that are used primarily for digging. Mongooses, much like goats, have narrow, ovular pupils. Most species have a large anal scent gland, used for territorial marking and signaling reproductive status. The dental formula of mongooses is similar to that of viverrids:. Mongooses also have receptors for acetylcholine that, like the receptors in snakes, are shaped so that it is impossible for snake neurotoxin venom to attach to them. Researchers are investigating whether similar mechanisms protect the mongoose from hemotoxic snake venoms.
mongoose vs cobra
mongoose vs cobra
mongoose vs cobra
mongoose vs cobra
mongoose vs cobra

most dangerous caterpillar

2011-09-03T21:14:00.000-07:00

Caterpillars are the larval form of a member of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths). They are mostly herbivorous in food habit, with some species being insectivorous. Caterpillars are voracious feeders and many of them are considered pests in agriculture. Many moth species are better known in their caterpillar stages because of the damage they cause to fruits and other agricultural produce.

The etymological origins of the word are from the early 16th century, from Middle English catirpel, catirpeller, probably an alteration of Old North French catepelose: cate, cat (from Latin cattus) + pelose, hairy (from Latin pilōsus).[
Most caterpillars have tubular, segmented bodies. They have three pairs of true legs on the three thoracic segments, up to four pairs of prolegs on the middle segments of the abdomen, and often a single pair of prolegs on the last abdominal segment. There are ten abdominal segments. The families of lepidoptera differ in the numbers and positioning of the prolegs. Some caterpillars are fuzzy (which means they have hair), and they are most likely to cause itching of the hands if touched.

Caterpillars grow through a series of moults; each intermediate stage is called an instar. The last moult takes them into the inactive pupal or chrysalis stage.

Like all insects, caterpillars breathe through a series of small openings along the sides of their thorax and abdomen called spiracles. These branch into the body cavity into a network of tracheae. A few caterpillars of the family Pyralidae are aquatic and have gills that let them breathe underwater.

Caterpillars have about 4,000 muscles (compared to humans, with 629). The average caterpillar has 248 muscles in the head segment alone.

Caterpillars move by sliding their internal organs forward using contraction of the muscles; the torso first elongates and then contracts like a slinky. They are one of the only known organisms that use this method of locomotion. Another way of describing this process is: gut-first, body-later.
Caterpillars do not have good vision. They have a series of six tiny eyelets or 'stemmata' on each side of the lower portion of their head. These can probably form well focused, but poorly resolved images. They move their heads from side to side probably as a means of judging distance of objects, particularly plants. They rely on their short antennae to help them locate food.

Some caterpillars are able to detect vibrations, usually at a specific frequency. Caterpillars of the common hook-tip moth, Drepana arcuata (Drepanoidea) produce sounds to defend their silk nests from members of their own species, by scraping against the leaf in a ritualized acoustic duel. They detect the vibrations conducted by the plant and not airborne sounds. Similarly, cherry leaf rollers Caloptilia serotinella defend their rolls. Tent caterpillars can also detect vibrations at the frequency of wing beats of one of their natural enemies
Classification
The geometrids, also known as inchworms or loopers, are so named because of the way they move, appearing to measure the earth (the word geometrid means earth-measurer in Greek); the primary reason for this unusual locomotion is the elimination of nearly all the prolegs except the clasper on the terminal segment.

Caterpillars have soft bodies that can grow rapidly between moults. Only the head capsule is hardened. In caterpillars, the mandibles are tough and sharp for chewing leaves; in most adult Lepidoptera, the mandibles are highly reduced, or soft. Behind the mandibles of the caterpillar are the spinnerets, for manipulating silk.

Some larvae of the Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps) order can appear like the caterpillars of the lepidoptera. These are mainly seen in the Sawfly family and while the larvae superficially resemble caterpillars, they can be distinguished by the presence of prolegs on every abdominal segment. Another difference is that lepidopteran caterpillars have crochets or hooks on the prolegs while these are absent on the sawfly larvae. Also in lepidopteran caterpillars is the upside down Y shaped suture on the front of the head. The larvae of sawflies differ also in having prominent ocelli on the head capsule.
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most dangerous caterpillar
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most dangerous caterpillar
most dangerous caterpillar
most dangerous caterpillar
most dangerous caterpillar

Most famous cattle dog

2011-09-03T21:04:00.000-07:00

The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD) is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain. Today it is a versatile breed: a courageous and tireless worker, an intelligent and athletic companion and a loving and playful family pet. They can bite "if harshly treated", they tend to nip heels to herd people, and they can be aggressive with other dogs. However, they are loyal and biddable, and respond well to training.

The Australian Cattle Dog is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms. The dogs have either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of red or blue dogs. They have been nicknamed “Red Heelers” and “Blue Heelers” on the basis of this colouring and their practice of moving reluctant cattle by nipping at their heels. Dogs from a line bred in Queensland, Australia, which were successful at shows and at stud in the 1940s were called “Queensland Heelers” to differentiate them from lines bred in New South Wales, and this nickname is now occasionally applied to any Australian Cattle Dog.

While there is a good deal of mythology surrounding the origins of breed, in recent years, information technology that enables the manipulation of large databases, and advances in the understanding of canine genetics has allowed a clearer understanding of the Halls Heeler, its dispersal through eastern Australia, and its development into two modern breeds: the Australian Cattle Dog and the Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog.

As with dogs from other working breeds, Australian Cattle Dogs have a good deal of energy, a quick intelligence, and an independent streak They respond well to structured training. They are not aggressive, but form a strong attachment with their owner and can be very protective of them and their possessions. They are easy to groom and maintain. The most common health problems are deafness and progressive blindness (both hereditary conditions) and accidental injury; otherwise, they are a robust breed with a lifespan of 12 to 14 years. Australian Cattle Dogs participate in a range of activities, from obedience, agility and herding competitions, to participating with their owners in hiking, flying disc, and endurance events, and working as therapy, assistance, or police dogs.Australian Cattle Dogs are sturdy, compact dogs that give the impression of agility and strength. They have a broad skull that flattens to a definite stop between the eyes, with muscular cheeks and a medium-length, deep, powerful muzzle. The ears are pricked, small to medium in size and set wide apart, with a covering of hair on the inside. The eyes are oval and dark, with an alert, keen expression. The neck and shoulders are strong and muscular; the forelegs are straight and parallel; and the feet round and strongly arched, with small toes and strong nails.

They should have well-conditioned muscles, even when bred for companion or show purposes. Ideally, their appearance is symmetrical and balanced, with no individual part of the dog being exaggerated. They should not look either delicate or cumbersome, as either characteristic limits the agility and endurance that is necessary for a working dog.

[edit] Size
Female Australian Cattle Dogs measure approximately 43–48 centimetres (17–19 in) at the withers, and males measure about 46–51 centimetres (18–20 in) at the withers. The dog should be longer than tall, that is, the length of the body from breast bone to buttocks is greater than the height at the withers, in a ratio of 10 to 9.[8] Australian Cattle Dogs in good condition weigh approximately 20–28 kilograms (44–62 lb).
Most famous cattle dog
Most famous cattle dog
Most famous cattle dog
cattle dog
cattle dog
cattle dog
Most famous cattle dog
Most famous cattle dog

world dangerous dog breeds

2011-09-03T20:54:00.000-07:00

world dangerous dog breeds
world dangerous dog breeds
world dangerous dog breeds
dangerous dog breeds
dangerous dog breeds
World Dangerous dog breeds
World Dangerous dog breeds
World Dangerous dog breeds
Dangerous dog breeds
Dangerous dog breeds gruop
Dangerous dog breeds
Dangerous dog breeds

world most populars alligator lizard

2011-09-03T20:45:00.000-07:00

alligator lizard
alligator lizard in australian
alligator lizard small
alligator lizard
world most populars alligator lizard
world most populars alligator lizard
world most populars alligator lizard
world most populars alligator lizard

golden tree snake

2011-09-03T20:25:00.000-07:00

golden tree snake
golden tree snake
golden tree snake
golden tree snake
golden snake
golden snake pictures
golden tree snake photos
golden tree snake images
golden tree snake
golden tree snake

gopher snake

2011-09-03T20:15:00.000-07:00

The Pacific Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer catenifer) is a species of large colubrid snake native to the western coast of the United States.
Description
The Pacific Gopher Snake adults range in size from 2.5-7 feet (76-213 cm). However, most of the subspecies reach a length of 4.5-5 feet (137-152 cm). The hatchlings are relatively long, and they have been recorded at lengths upward of 20 inches (51cm).

The Pacific Gopher Snake has a base color ranging from yellow to dark brown and has a grey coloring on the sides of the body. It is a spotted snake, with the spots being dark brown. Usually there are 41 to 99 spots on the body, while the tail spots range from 14 to 33 spots. The side of the body shows 2 or 3 rows of alternating rows of black and brown spots.

A snake with keeled scales, and a narrow head that is wider than the neck, the Pacific Gopher Snake also displays a protruding rostral scale on the tip of the snout. The two most common base colors are straw and straw grey, though the species' color varies widely. The dorsal blotches, or saddles, are well-defined and generally dark to chocolate brown, though some specimens have had black blotches. The side blotches are often brown or grey. The back of the neck is dark brown. In many areas, such as Solano County, California, the snake can be found in a striped morph.

The ventral side may be cream-colored to yellowish with dark spots. On the dorsal side, especially near the tail, there is often a reddish coloration.
Identification
As aforementioned, there are 2 to 3 rows of spots on the side of the Pacific Gopher Snake. However, the San Diego Gopher Snake (P. c. annectens) has 3 to 4 rows of smaller spots on their sides. The Pacific Gopher Snake's saddle spots do not have the barren characteristic as the San Diego Gopher Snakes do. Also, the second row of spots are much larger on P.c. catenifer compared to P.c. annectens. Finally, the Pacific Gopher Snake generally has more saddle spots than the San Diego Gopher Snake.
Behavior
The snake is diurnal, though sometimes active at dusk and nocturnal during warm weather. They prefer drier habitats such as meadows, fields and agricultural farmland, and are seldom found in dense forests.

Like other gopher snakes, the Pacific gopher can produce a loud hiss when agitated or fearful. When threatened, this species will inflate its body, flatten its head, and vigorously shake its tail, which may produce a rattling sound if done in dry vegetation. However, Gopher snakes are generally good natured.

The Pacific Gopher Snake is a carnivore. Their diet consists of small mammals, notably pocket gophers; birds and their eggs; the occasional lizard and insect,and even bats. It is reputed to sometimes consume rattlesnakes.
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Gopher snake
Gopher snake

snakes vs lizards

2011-09-03T20:06:00.000-07:00

snakes vs lizards
snakes vs lizards
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indian naja snake

2011-08-07T19:28:00.000-07:00

indian naja snake
indian naja snake
indian naja snake
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indian naja snake cobra
indian naja snake cobra
indian naja snake cobra
indian naja snake cobra

egg eating snake

2011-08-07T19:17:00.000-07:00

egg eating snake red
egg eating snake
egg eating snake

egg- eating snake
egg- eating snake
egg- eating snake
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egg- eating snake

sonoran gopher snakes

2011-08-07T19:07:00.000-07:00

Sonoran Gopher Snakes
Sonoran Gopher Snakes
Sonoran Gopher Snakes
Sonoran Gopher Snake
Sonoran Gopher Snake
sonoran gopher snakes hungry
sonoran gopher snakes photos
sonoran gopher snakes
sonoran gopher snakes
sonoran gopher snakes
sonoran gopher snakes

british grass snake pictures

2011-08-07T18:54:00.000-07:00

british grass snake pictures
british grass snake pictures
british grass snake pictures
british grass snake pictures
British Grass Snake
British Grass Snake
British Grass Snake
British Grass Snake
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British Grass Snake photos
British Grass Snake images
British Grass Snake eat the fish
British Grass Snake
British Grass Snake

most beautiful snakes

2011-08-07T18:36:00.000-07:00

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most beautiful snakes
most beautiful snakes
Most Beautiful Snakes
Most Beautiful Snakes
Most Beautiful Snakes

venomous snakes the danger snakes of the world

2011-08-07T18:19:00.000-07:00

Venomous snakes are snakes which have venom glands and specialized teeth for the injection of venom. Members of the families Elapidae, Viperidae, Hydrophiidae, and Atractaspididae (and some from Colubridae as well) are major venomous snakes.
Description
Venomous snakes use modified saliva, snake venom, usually delivered through highly specialized teeth such as hollow fangs, for the purpose of prey immobilization and self-defense. In contrast, non-venomous species either constrict their prey, or simply overpower it with their jaws.

Venomous snakes include several families of snakes and do not form a single taxonomic group. This has been interpreted to mean that venom in snakes originated more than once as the result of convergent evolution. Evidence has recently been presented for the Toxicofera hypothesis however; venom was present (in small amounts) in the ancestor of all snakes (as well as several lizard families) as 'toxic saliva' and evolved to extremes in those snake families normally classified as venomous by parallel evolution. The Toxicofera hypothesis further implies that 'non venomous' snake lineages have either lost the ability to produce venom (but may still have lingering venom pseudogenes), or actually do produce venom in small quantities, likely sufficient to assist in small prey capture, but cause no harm to humans if bitten.
venomous snakes
venomous snakes of the treeMost venomous snake
Lists or rankings of the world's "most venomous snakes" are tentative and differ greatly due to numerous factors, including the recentness and reliability of the data, the number of species analyzed, and the testing methods used.[1] In addition, since mice are the common indicator used to test venom from venomous snakes in LD50 tests, the LD50 results may not reflect the actual effects on humans due to the physiological differences between mice and humans. For example, many venomous snakes are specialized predators on mice, and their venom may be adapted specifically to incapacitate mice. While most mammals have a very similar physiology, LD50 results may or may not be directly relevant to humans.

venomous snakes eat the frog
venomous snakes dangerous
venomous snakesWhile there have been numerous studies on snake venom, potency estimates can vary, creating overlap and greatly complicating the task. Further, LD50 may be measured through intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous or subcutaneous injections on small rodents, although the latter is the most applicable to actual bites It should also be considered that mice, the most commonly used animals in determining LD50, may react to some snake venoms differently than humans do. Thus, it remains difficult to compile such lists.

Many of these lists only take into account of terrestrial and arboreal snakes and neglect to list the of venom of the sea snakes. Species of sea snakes have been listed to have more toxic venom than even that of the inland taipan and further investigations of some species' venom are needed
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venomous snakes
venomous snakes
venomous snakes
Other information
Venomous snakes are often said to be poisonous, although this is not the correct term, as venoms and poisons are different. Poisons can be absorbed by the body, such as through the skin or digestive system, while venoms must first be introduced directly into tissues or the blood stream (envenomated) through mechanical means. It is, for example, therefore harmless to drink snake venom as long as there are no lacerations inside the mouth or digestive tract. There are however two exceptions: the Rhabdophis snakes (keelback snakes) secrete poison from glands that it gets from the poisonous toads that it preys on; similarly certain garter snakes from Oregon retain toxins in their liver from the newts they eat.

venomous lizards in australia

2011-08-07T18:08:00.000-07:00

venomous lizards in australia
venomous lizards in australia
venomous lizards in australia
venomous lizards in australia
venomous lizards
venomous lizards in australia
venomous lizards
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venomous lizards in australia

venomous lizards

The black spider

2011-08-07T17:55:00.000-07:00

Fiction is the form of any narrative or informative work that deals, in part or in whole, with information or events that are not factual, but rather, imaginary—that is, invented by the author. Although fiction describes a major branch of literary work, it may also refer to theatrical, cinematic or musical work. Fiction contrast with non-fiction, which deals exclusively with factual (or, at least, assumed factual) events, descriptions, observations, etc. (e.g.: biographies, histories).
The black spider
The black spiderTypes of Fiction Realistic Fiction
Realistic fiction, although untrue, could actually happen. Some events, people, and places may even be real. Also, it can be possible that in the future these events could physically happen. For example, Jules Verne's From The Earth To The Moon novel, which at that time was just a product of a rich imagination, was proven possible in 1969, when Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin set foot on the moon, and the team returned safely to Earth. Realist fiction appears to the reader to be something that is actually happening.
Non-realistic Fiction
Non-realistic fiction is that in which the story's events could not happen in real life, because they are supernatural, or involve an alternate form of history of mankind other than that recorded, or need impossible technology. A good deal of fiction books are like this, e.g. Alice In Wonderland and Harry Potter.
Semi-fiction
Semi-fiction is fiction implementing a great deal of non-fiction,[1] for example: a fictional depiction "based on a true story", or a fictionalized account, or a reconstructed biography.
The black spider
The black spider pictures
The black spider very dangerous
The black spider flying insects
The black spiderBlack Spider is the name of several fictional characters who are DC Comics villains. The first two were both primarily the enemies of Batman.
The black spider
The black spider photos
The black spider

black pastel ball python

2011-08-06T23:03:00.000-07:00

We produce a few normal Ball Pythons from various crossings. Ideally suited for pets, these captive bred specimens are vastly better than the commonly seen 'ranched' imports available in pet stores. These will feed and thrive!
black pastel ball python
black pastel ball pythonHomozygous for Hypomelanism, a recessive trait. Completely lacking any true black pigment in the epidermal layers, with traces remaining in some of the deeper layers. Shed skins lack all pigmentation. This gives the snake a pale 'ghostly' coloration. A 'must have' for enhancing other morphs by lightening the colors to create 'Honeybees', 'Caramel Glows', etc. Ours are proven compatible with common bloodlines, such as 'Orange', 'Butterscotch', 'Yellow', etc
black pastel ball python
black pastel ball python
Black pastel Ball pythonHomozygous for Amelanism, a recessive trait. The first of the designer Ball Pythons and the snake that started it all! So unusual they don't even look real until they move. Brilliant yellow blotches on white, although some strains may fade as adults. We are focusing on producing specimens with clean solid yellow markings.
Black pastel Ball python
Black pastel Ball python
Black pastel Ball python
Black pastel Ball python DANGEROUSHeterozygous for Spider, a dominant trait. Here we have what is commonly termed a dominant mutation, in which the heterozygous form is visibly different than normal Ball Pythons. To our knowledge, no specimens homozygous for this trait exist. In fact, we've received reports of Spider to Spider breedings resulting in a percentage of egg failures - which leads us to believe this trait to be lethal in the homozygous state. A large number of truly spectacular designer morphs have been created using this mutation, with some of the most popular being Bumblebee Spider, Honeybee Spider, Stingerbee Spider, Lesser Bee Spider and the Queenbee Spider.
Black pastel Ball python danger
Black pastel Ball python
Black pastel Ball python images
Black pastel Ball python pics
Black pastel Ball python photos

rabid fox very dangerous

2011-08-06T22:52:00.000-07:00

rabid fox very dangerous
rabid fox
rabid fox
rabid fox very dangerous
rabid fox very dangerous
rabid fox very dangerous

cute dog and puppies images

2011-08-06T22:41:00.000-07:00

dog and puppies
dog and puppies
black dog
dog and puppies
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dog and puppies
dog and puppies
dog and puppies
dog and puppies
dog and puppies

dog and cats

2011-08-06T22:32:00.000-07:00

dog and cat
dog and cat
dog and cat
dog and cat
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dog and cat
dog and cat sleeping
dog and cat
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dog and cat attack on

very small fennec fox pictrures

2011-08-06T22:20:00.000-07:00

very small fennec fox pictrures
very small fennec fox pictrures
very small fennec fox pictrures
very small fennec fox
very small fennec fox
very small fennec fox
fennec fox
fennec fox
fennec fox
fennec fox

stick insect stick insect facts stick insect pictures

2011-07-16T21:28:00.000-07:00

The Phasmatodea (sometimes called Phasmida) are an order of insects, whose members are variously known as stick insects (in Europe and Australasia), walking sticks or stick-bugs (in the United States and Canada), phasmids, ghost insects and leaf insects (generally the family Phylliidae). The ordinal name is derived from the Ancient Greek φάσμα phasma, meaning an apparition or phantom, and refers to the resemblance of many species to sticks or leaves. Their natural camouflage can make them extremely difficult to spot. Phasmatodea can be found all over the world in warmer zones, especially the tropics and subtropics. The greatest diversity is found in Southeast Asia and South America, followed by Australia. Phasmids also have a considerable presence in the continental United States, mainly in the Southeast.Anatomy
Phasmids can be relatively large, ranging from 1 inch to over a foot in length. Females of the genus Phobaeticus are the world's longest insects, measuring up to 56.7 centimetres (22.3 in) in total length in the case of Phobaeticus chani, including the outstretched legs.[1] Females of the species Heteropteryx dilatata are the heaviest known phasmids, possibly weighing in excess of 65 grams.
stick insect eggs
stick insectSome have cylindrical stick-like bodies, while others have a flattened, leaflike shape. The thorax is long in the winged species, since it houses the flight muscles, but is typically much shorter in the wingless forms. Where present, the first pair of wings are narrow and cornified, while the hind wings are broad, with straight longitudinal veins and multiple cross-veins. The body is often further modified to resemble vegetation, with ridges resembling leaf veins, bark-like tubercles, and other forms of camouflage. A few species, such as Carausius morosus, are even able to change their pigmentation to match their surroundings. Many species are wingless, or have reduced wings.[3] The mouthparts project out from the head. Chewing mandibles are uniform across species. The legs are typically long and slender, and some species are capable of limb autotomy.[3] They have long, slender antennae that are as long or longer than the length of the body in some species.

All phasmids possess compound eyes, but ocelli are only found in some winged males.[3] Phasmids have an impressive visual system that allow them to perceive significant detail even in dim conditions, which suits their typically nocturnal lifestyle. They are born equipped with tiny compound eyes with a limited number of facets. As the insect grows through successive molts, the number of facets is increased along with the number of photoreceptor cells in the eye. The sensitivity of the adult eye is at least tenfold that of the first instar nymphs. As the eye grows more complex, the mechanisms to adapt to dark/light changes are also enhanced: eyes in dark conditions evidence less screening pigments, which would block light, than during the daytime, and changes in the width of the retinal layer to adapt to changes in available light are significantly more pronounced in adults. However, the larger size of the adult insect’s eyes makes them more prone to radiation damage. This explains why fully grown individuals are mostly nocturnal. Lessened sensitivity to light in the newly emerged insects helps them to escape from the leaf litter wherein they are hatched and move upward into the illuminated foliage. Young stick insects are diurnal feeders and will move around freely, expanding their foraging range.
Defense mechanismsPhasmatodea species exhibit mechanisms for defense from predators that both prevent an attack from happening in the first place (primary defense) and are deployed after an attack has been initiated (secondary defense).

The defense mechanism most readily identifiable with Phasmatodea is camouflage. Most phasmids are known for effectively replicating the forms of sticks and leaves, and the bodies of some species (such as O. macklotti and Palophus centaurus) are covered in mossy or lichenous outgrowths that supplement their disguise. Some species have the ability to change color as their surroundings shift (B. scabrinota, T. californica). In a further behavioral adaptation to supplement crypsis, a number of species have been noted to perform a rocking motion where the body is swayed from side to side that is thought to reflect the movement of leaves or twigs swaying in the breeze. Another method by which stick insects avoid predation and resemble twigs is by feigning death (catalepsy), where the insect enters a motionless state that can be maintained for a long period. The nocturnal feeding habits of adults also aids Phasmatodea in remaining concealed from predators.
stick insect facts
stick insect pictures
stick insect pictures
stick insect green treeIn a seemingly opposite method of defense, many species of Phasmatodea will seek to startle the encroaching predator by flashing bright colors that are normally hidden and making a loud noise. When disturbed on a branch or foliage, some species, while dropping to the undergrowth to escape, will open their wings momentarily during free fall to display bright colors that disappear when the insect lands. Others will maintain their display for up to 20 minutes, hoping to frighten the predator and convey the appearance of a larger size. Some accompany the visual display with noise made by rubbing together parts of the wings or antennae.

Some species, such as the young nymphs of E. tiaratum, have been observed to curl the abdomen upwards over the body and head to resemble ants or scorpions in an act of mimicry, another defense mechanism by which the insects avoid becoming prey.

When threatened, some phasmids that are equipped with femoral spines on the metathoracic legs (O. martini, Eurycantha calcarata, Eurycantha horrida, D. veiliei, D. covilleae) respond by curling the abdomen upward and repeatedly swinging the legs together, grasping at the threat. If the menace is caught, the spines can draw blood and inflict considerable pain.[5]

A number of species are equipped with a pair of glands at the anterior edge of the prothorax that enable the insect to release defensive secretions, including chemical compounds of varying effect: from the production of distinct odors to the causing of a stinging, burning sensation in the eyes and mouth of a predator. The spray often contains pungent-smelling volatile metabolites, thought to be concentrated in the insect from its plant food sources. The spray from one species, Megacrania nigrosulfurea, is even used as a treatment for skin infections by a tribe in Papua New Guinea because of its antibacterial constituents.[6] Some species employ a shorter-range defensive secretion, where individuals bleed reflexively through the joints of their legs and the seems of the exoskeleton when bothered, allowing the blood (hemolymph), which contains distasteful additives, to discourage predators. Stick insects, like their distant relation the grasshopper, can also discharge the contents of their stomach through vomiting when harassed, a fluid that is considered inedible by some predators.
stick insect kissing
stick insect
stick insect
stick insect
stick insect attack on tree
stick insect
stick insect

most dangerous dog Top 10 dangerous dog

2011-07-16T21:14:00.000-07:00

The Dangerous Dogs Act 1991 (c. 65) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that was introduced in response to various incidents of serious injury or death resulting from attacks by aggressive and uncontrolled dogs, particularly on children. These incidents received heavy tabloid attention, causing widespread public concern over the keeping of dangerous dogs and a resulting legislative response.The effect of the Act
Under the 1991 Act (and as amended in 1997) it is illegal to own any Specially Controlled Dogs without specific exemption from a court. The dogs have to be muzzled and kept on a lead in public, they must be registered and insured, neutered, tattooed and receive microchip implants. The Act also bans the breeding, sale and exchange of these dogs, even if they are on the Index of Exempted Dogs.[1][dead link]

Four types in particular were identified by the Act:

Pit Bull Terrier
Japanese Tosa
Dogo Argentino
Fila Brasileiro
The Act also covers cross breeds of the above four types of dog. Dangerous dogs are classified by 'type', not by breed label. This means that whether a dog is prohibited under the Act will depend on a judgement about its physical characteristics, and whether they match the description of a prohibited 'type'. This assessment of the physical characteristics is made by a court.

The Act applies in England, Wales and Scotland,[2] with The Dangerous Dogs (Northern Ireland) Order 1991 having a similar effect in Northern Ireland.
most dangerous dog
most dangerous dog
The Index of Exempted Dogs
The Index of Exempted Dogs is maintained by the Animal Welfare section of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, which administers the registration of specially-controlled dogs in England and Wales.

In 1991 and 1992 details of all Specially Controlled Dogs and their owners and keepers had to be added to the Index of Exempted Dogs. From early 1992 to 1997 no dogs were allowed to be added to the Index. In 1997 The Dangerous Dogs (Amendment) Act 1997 was passed which made some changes. From 1997 any Court was able to order that a specific dog be added to the Index by the issue of a Court Order.

Under the 1991 Act as amended it remains illegal to own any of these dogs without specific exemption from a court. The dogs have to be muzzled and kept on a leash in public, they must be registered and insured, neutered, tattooed and receive microchip implants.

Case law
There have been several test cases of the Act, most famously Dempsey (a pit bull terrier) who in 1995 was finally reprieved from a destruction order, to widespread media attention. The definition of the word "type" in the legislation was of particular controversy, as was the lack of discretion that the Act gives magistrates.
most dangerous dog
most dangerous dogCriticism of the Act
The Act has been described as a piece of rushed legislation which was an overreaction to a transient public mood. The Act is sometimes cited as an unfavourable example of such legislation, and in January 2007 was included in public responses to a BBC Radio 4 poll of unpopular UK legislation.

[edit] Comparable legislation elsewhere
Many other countries also have laws pertaining to dangerous dogs. These vary in severity. In some jurisdictions in Australia dogs which have been declared dangerous are required to wear a collar of red and yellow stripes; under the legislation of some municipalities of Queensland, such dogs are seized and destroyed. In some local government areas restrictions are very carefully spelt out.
Top 10 dangerous dog
Top 10 dangerous dog
Top 10 dangerous dog
Top 10 dangerous dog
Top 10 dangerous dog
Top 10 dangerous dog

Most dangerous mosquito

2011-07-16T21:04:00.000-07:00

Most dangerous mosquito
Most dangerous mosquito
Most dangerous mosquito
Most dangerous mosquito
Most dangerous mosquito
Most dangerous mosquito
dangerous mosquito

anaconda snakes pictures

2011-07-16T05:19:00.000-07:00

anaconda snakes pictures
anaconda snakes
anaconda snakes pictures
anaconda snakes dangerous
anaconda snakes pictures
anaconda snakes pictures
anaconda snakes pictures
anaconda snakes

ostrich big animals photos

2011-07-16T05:01:00.000-07:00

ostrich big animals
ostrich racing game
ostrich
ostrich photos
ostrich & zebra
ostrich pictures
ostrich air of fly
ostrich
ostrich and small
ostrich
ostrich photos
ostrich photos

peacock wallpapers for desktop

2011-07-16T04:46:00.000-07:00

peacock wallpapers for desktop
peacock wallpapers for desktop
peacock wallpapers for desktop
peacock wallpapers for desktop
peacock wallpapers for desktop
peacock wallpapers
peacock wallpapers
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peacock wallpapers for
peacock wallpapers for
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peacock wallpapers

beautiful birds pictures wallpaper

2011-07-16T04:32:00.000-07:00

beautiful birds pictures
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beautiful birds eat the child
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beautiful birds parrot
beautiful birds wallpaper
Beautiful Birds PICTURES
beautiful birds
Beautiful Birds
Beautiful Birds wallpaper
Beautiful Birds pegion
Beautiful Birds
Beautiful Birds
Beautiful Birds
Beautiful Birds
Beautiful Birds shikra

kangaroo The very big jumping animals

2011-07-16T04:15:00.000-07:00

kangaroo jump
kangaroo pics
kangaroo pic gallrey
kangaroo
The kangaroo
kangaroo an small kangroo
The kangaroo
kangaroo pictures
kangaroo images
kangaroo
kangaroo very big jumping animals

spider monkey in african forest spider monkey information

2011-07-16T04:01:00.000-07:00

Spider monkeys of the genus Ateles are New World monkeys in the subfamily Atelinae, family Atelidae. Like other atelines, they are found in tropical forests of Central and South America, from southern Mexico to Brazil. The genus contains seven species, all of which are under threat; the Black-headed Spider Monkey and Brown Spider Monkey are critically endangered.

The disproportionately long limbs and long prehensile tail makes them one of the largest New World monkeys and gives rise to their common name. Spider monkeys live in the upper layers of the rainforest and forage in the high canopy, from 25 to 30 m (82 to 98 ft). They primarily eat fruits, but will also occasionally consume leaves, flowers, and insects. Due to their large size, spider monkeys require large tracts of moist evergreen forests and prefer undisturbed primary rainforest.[2] They are social animals and live in bands of up to 35 individuals but will split up to forage during the day.

Recent meta-analyses on primate cognition studies indicated that spider monkeys are the most intelligent New World monkeys.[4] They can produce a wide range of sounds and will 'bark' when threatened, other vocalisations include a whinny similar to a horse and prolonged screams.

They are an important food source due to their large size and are widely hunted by local human populations; they are also threatened by habitat destruction due to logging and land clearing.Spider monkeys are susceptible to malaria and are used in laboratory studies of the disease. The population trend for spider monkeys is decreasing; the IUCN Red List lists one species as vulnerable, four species as endangered and two species as critically endangered.
Evolutionary history
There are many theories about the evolution of the atelines; one theory is that spider monkeys are most closely related to the woolly spider monkeys (Bractyteles), and most likely split from the woolly monkeys (Lagothrix and Oreonax) in the South American lowland forest, to evolve their unique locomotory system. This theory is not supported by fossil evidence. Other theories include Brachyteles, Lagothrix and Ateles in a non-resolved trichotomy,and two clades, one composed of Ateles and Lagothrix and the other of Alouatta and Brachyteles. More recent molecular evidence suggests that Atelinae split in the middle to late Miocene (13 Ma), separating spider monkeys from the woolly spider monkeys and the woolly monkeys

spider monkey drinking water
spider monkey cryingAnatomy and physiologySpider monkeys are among the largest New World monkeys; Black-headed Spider Monkeys, the largest spider monkey, have an average weight of 10.8 kg (24 lb) for males and 9.66 kg (21.3 lb) for females. Disproportionately long, spindly limbs inspired the spider monkey's common name. Their deftly prehensile tails, which may be up to 89 cm (35 in) long, have very flexible, hairless tips and skin grooves similar to fingerprints. This adaptation to the spider monkey's strictly arboreal lifestyle serves as a fifth hand. When the monkey walks, its arms practically drag on the ground. Unlike many monkeys, they do not use their arms for balance when walking, instead relying on their tail. The hands are long, narrow and hook like, and have reduced thumbs. The fingers are elongated and recurved.

The hair is coarse, ranging in color from ruddy gold to brown and black; the hands and feet are usually black. Heads are small with hairless faces. The nostrils are very far apart, which is a distinguishing feature of spider monkeys.

Spider monkeys are highly agile, and they are said to be second only to the gibbons in this respect.
spider monkey blacK white
spider monkey black
Spider monkeys form loose groups of 15 to 25 animals. During the day, groups break up into subgroups of 2 to 8 animals. This social structure ('fission-fusion') is found in only two other types of primates, chimpanzees and Homo sapiens. The size of subgroups and the degree to which they avoid each other during the day depends on food competition and the risk of predation. The average subgroup size is less than four animals.[14] Also less common in primates, females rather than males disperse at puberty to join new groups. Males tend to stick together for their whole life. Hence males in a group are more likely to be related and have closer bonds than females. The strongest social bonds are formed between females and their young offspring.

Spider monkeys communicate their intentions and observations using postures and stances, such as postures of sexual receptivity and of attack. When a spider monkey sees a human approaching, it barks loudly similar to a dog. When a monkey is approached, it climbs to the end of the branch it is on and shakes it vigorously to scare away the possible threat. It shakes the branches with its feet, hands, or a combination while hanging from its tail. It may also scratch its limbs or body with various parts of its hands and feet. Seated monkeys may sway and make noise. Males and occasionally adult females growl menacingly at the approach of a human. If the pursuer continues to advance, the monkeys often break off live or dead tree limb weighing up to 4 kg and drop them towards the intruder. They do not actually throw the branches, but twist to cause the branch to fall closer to the threat.[clarification needed] The natives of the area know very well of this risk. The monkeys also defecate and urinate toward the intruder.

Spider monkeys are diurnal and spend the night sleeping in carefully selected trees. Groups are thought to be directed by a lead female who is responsible for planning an efficient feeding route each day. Grooming is not as important to social interaction, owing perhaps to a lack of thumbs.

Spider monkeys have been observed avoiding the upper canopy of the trees for locomotion. One researcher speculated that this was because the thin branches at the tops of trees do not support the monkeys as well.

At 107 grams, the spider monkey brain is twice the size of a howler monkey brain of equivalent body size; this is thought to be a result of the spider monkeys' complex social system and their frugivorous diet, which consists primarily of ripe fruit from a wide variety (over 150 species) of plants. This requires the monkeys to remember when and where fruit can be found. The slow development may also play a role: the monkeys may live 20 years or more, and females give birth once every 3 to 4 years.

spider monkey
two spider monkey
spider monkey
spider monkey
spider monkey
spider monkey

The horned owl pictures

2011-07-11T21:13:00.000-07:00

The horned owl pictures
The horned owl pictures
The horned owl pictures
The horned owl
The horned owl fly

The horned owl pictures
horned owl
horned owl
horned owl
horned owl

giant panda very beautifull and funny

2011-07-11T21:02:00.000-07:00

giant panda very funny
giant panda
giant panda very beautifull
giant panda very beautifull
giant panda very beautifull
giant panda very beautifull
giant panda pictures
giant panda very beautifull
giant panda very beautifull

dangerous wolves & dangerous wolves mammals

2011-07-11T20:46:00.000-07:00

The gray wolf or grey wolf (Canis lupus), often known simply as the wolf, is the largest extant wild member of the Canidae family. Though once abundant over much of Eurasia, North Africa and North America, the gray wolf inhabits a reduced portion of its former range due to widespread destruction of its territory, human encroachment, and the resulting human-wolf encounters that sparked broad extirpation. Even so, the gray wolf is regarded as being of least concern for extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, when the entire gray wolf population is considered as a whole. Today, wolves are protected in some areas, hunted for sport in others, or may be subject to population control or extermination as threats to livestock, people, and pets.
dangerous wolvesGray wolves are social predators that live in nuclear families consisting of a mated pair, their offspring and, occasionally, adopted immature wolves. They primarily feed on ungulates, which they hunt by wearing them down in short chases. Gray wolves are typically apex predators throughout their range, with only humans and tigers posing significant threats to them.

Genetic studies reaffirm that the gray wolf is the ancestor of the domestic dog. A number of other gray wolf subspecies have been identified, though the actual number of subspecies is still open to discussion.

In areas where human cultures and wolves both occur, wolves frequently feature in the folklore and mythology of those cultures, both positively and negatively.
dangerous wolves pics
dangerous wolves imagesCanis lepophagus, a small, narrow skulled North American canid of the Miocene era, which may have also given rise to coyotes. Some larger, broader skulled C. lepophagus fossils found in northern Texas may represent the ancestral stock from which true wolves derive. The first true wolves began to appear at the end of the Blancan North American Stage and the onset of the early Irvingtonian. Among them was Canis priscolatrans, a small species closely resembling the red wolf, which colonised Eurasia by crossing the Bering land bridge. The new Eurasian C. priscolatrans population evolved into Canis etruscus, then Canis mosbachensis.

This primitive wolf closely resembled the modern southern wolf populations of the Arabian Peninsula and South Asia, which were once distributed in Europe in the early Quaternary glaciation until about 500,000 years ago (see Subspecies).[4] C. mosbachensis evolved in the direction of Canis lupus, and recolonised North America in the late Rancholabrean era. There, a larger canid species called Canis dirus was already established, but it became extinct 8,000 years ago after the large prey it relied on was wiped out. Competition with the newly arrived gray wolves for the smaller and swifter prey that survived may have contributed to its decline. With the extinction of dire wolves, gray wolves became the only large and widespread canid species left.

The North American recolonisation likely occurred in several waves, with the most distinctive populations occurring in the periphery of the range. These populations (C. l. arctos on the high arctic islands, C. l. lycaon in the eastern forests, C. l. baileyi in the far south and C. l. rufus at the continental corner opposite the point of invasion) may represent survivors of early migrations from Eurasia. C. l. baileyi, C. l. lycaon and C. l. rufus display some primitive traits and systematic affinity to one another. Fossil remains from the late Pleistocene of large bodied wolves similar to C. l. arctos and C. l. albus occur in coastal southern California, indicating that large North American gray wolf subspecies were once widespread, and may have been driven southward by glaciation, though wolves no longer reside there. Fossils of small bodied wolves similar to C. l. baileyi have been found in a range encompassing Kansas and southern California. This indicates a late Pleistocene population flux, in which large, Arctic forms of wolf moved farther south, with smaller, warmth adapted wolves expanding as the climate moderated.
dangerous wolves black
dangerous wolves gray
white dangerous wolves
Studies on the genetic distance for mitochondrial DNA on dogs and Eurasian wolves confirmed that wolves are the exclusive ancestral species to dogs. Domestic dogs possess four mtDNA lineages, suggesting four independent domestication events. A later study identified mtDNA evidence suggesting a common origin from a single East Asian gene pool for all dog populations, while another, using a much larger data set of nuclear markers, points to the Middle East as the source of most of the genetic diversity in the domestic dog and a more likely origin of domestication events. A study by the Kunming Institute of Zoology found that the domestic dog is descended from wolves tamed less than 16,300 years ago south of the Yangtse river in China. Morphological comparisons have narrowed the likely ancestral subspecies of gray wolf to wolves of the Middle Eastern and South Asian variety.

The actual domestication process is a source of debate. Although it is popularly assumed that dogs are the result of artificial selection, the general intractability of adult wolves to human handling has led certain experts to theorise that the domestication process occurred through natural selection when Mesolithic human communities began building permanent settlements in which a new ecological niche (middens and landfills) was opened to wolves. These wolves would have formed a commensal relationship with humans, feeding on their waste over many generations, with natural selection favouring assertive wolves with shorter flight distances in human presence, and causing physical changes related to the redundancy of features adapted for hunting big game.

Although dogs are the most closely related canids to gray wolves (the sequence divergence between gray wolves and dogs is only 1.8%, as opposed to over 4% between gray wolves, Ethiopian wolves and coyotes),[22] there are a number of physical and behavioural differences. Comparative studies on dog and wolf behaviour and anatomy have shown that dog physiology and most dog behaviours are comparable to those of young wolves, an example of neoteny and pedomorphism.
dangerous wolves
dangerous wolves and
dangerous wolves small
dangerous two wolves
world dangerous wolves
dangerous wolves
dangerous wolves

golden snakes golden tree snakes

2011-07-10T10:22:00.000-07:00

golden snakes
golden snakes tree
golden snakes
golden two snakes
golden snakes
golden snakes
golden snakes two

golden eagle pictures

2011-07-10T10:11:00.000-07:00

golden eagle pictures
golden eagle pictures
golden eagle pictures
golden eagle pictures
golden eagle flying
golden eagle flyings
golden eagle pictures
golden eagle dangerous
golden eagle attack
golden eagle pictures
golden eagle

Gila monster lizard world mos dangerous

2011-07-10T09:59:00.000-07:00

Gila monster lizard
Gila monster lizard
Gila monster lizard
Gila monster lizard
Gila monster lizard
Gila monster lizard world mos dangerous
Gila monster lizard world mos dangerous
Gila monster lizard world mos dangerous
Gila monster lizard world mos dangerous
Gila monster
Gila monster
Gila monster

galapagos tortoise american forest in pictures and vacts

2011-07-10T01:42:00.000-07:00

The Galápagos tortoise or Galápagos giant tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra) is the largest living species of tortoise, reaching weights of over 400 kg (880 lb) and lengths of over 1.8 meters (5.9 ft). With life spans in the wild of over 100 years, it is one of the longest-lived vertebrates. A captive individual lived at least 170 years.

The tortoise is native to seven of the Galápagos Islands, a volcanic archipelago about 1,000 km (620 mi) west of the Ecuadorian mainland. Spanish explorers who discovered the islands in the 16th century named them after the Spanish galápago, meaning tortoise.
Shell size and shape vary between populations. On islands with humid highlands, the tortoises are larger, with domed shells and short necks. On islands with dry lowlands, the tortoises are smaller, with "saddleback" shells and long necks. These island-to-island differences played a role in the inception of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.

Tortoise numbers declined from over 250,000 in the 16th century to a low of around 3,000 in the 1970s. The decline was caused by hunting for tortoise meat and oil, habitat clearance for agriculture, and introduction of non-native animals such as rats, goats, and pigs. Seven subspecies of the original ten survive in the wild. An eighth subspecies (C. n. abingdoni) has only a single living individual, in captivity, nicknamed Lonesome George. Conservation efforts beginning in the 20th century have resulted in thousands of captive-bred juveniles being released onto their home islands, and it is estimated that numbers exceeded 19,000 at the start of the 21st century. Despite this rebound, the species as a whole is classified as "Vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

galapagos tortoiseRecognition of subpopulations
Taxonomy
Early classification
The Galápagos Islands were discovered in 1535, but first appeared on maps, of Gerardus Mercator and Abraham Ortelius, in about 1570.The islands were named "Insulae de los Galopegos" (Islands of the Tortoises) in reference to the giant tortoises found there.[nb 1]

Initially, the giant tortoises of the Indian Ocean and those from the Galápagos were considered to be the same species. Naturalists thought that sailors had transported the tortoises. In 1676, the pre-Linnaean authority Claude Perrault referred to both species as Tortue des Indes. In 1783, Johann Gottlob Schneider classified all giant tortoises as Testudo indica ("Indian tortoise"). In 1812, August Friedrich Schweigger named them Testudo gigantea ("gigantic tortoise"). In 1834, André Marie Constant Duméril and Gabriel Bibron classified the Galápagos tortoises as a separate species, which they named Testudo nigrita ("black tortoise").

The first systematic survey of giant tortoises was by Albert Günther of the British Museum, in 1875. Günther identified at least five distinct populations from the Galápagos, and three from the Indian Ocean islands. He expanded the list in 1877 to six from the Galápagos, four from the Seychelles, and four from the Mascarenes. Günther theorised that all the giant tortoises descended from a single ancestral population which spread by sunken land bridges. This theory was later disproven by the understanding that the Galápagos, Seychelles and Mascarene islands are all of recent volcanic origin and therefore could not have been linked by land bridges. It is now thought that the Galápagos tortoises descended from an ancestor from South America. The Indian Ocean tortoises derived from Madagascar

At the end of the 19th century, Georg Baur[ and Walter Rothschild recognised five more populations of Galápagos tortoise. In 1906, the Academy of Sciences collected specimens and gave them to John Van Denburgh for study. He identified four additional populations, and proposed the existence of 15 species.[32] His list still guides the taxonomy of the Galápagos tortoise, though now ten populations are thought to have existed.

galapagos tortoise american
galapagos tortoise facts
Floreana Island
Phylogenetic analysis may help to "resurrect" the extinct subspecies of Floreana (nigra). The subspecies was only known from subfossil remains. Some tortoises from Isabela were found to be a partial match for the genetic profile of Floreana specimens from museum collections, possibly indicating the presence of hybrids from a population transposed by humans from Floreana to Isabela speculated to be caused either by deliberate moving between the islands or from individuals thrown overboard ships to lighten loads.Nine Floreana descendants have been identified in the captive population of the Fausto Llerena Breeding Center on Santa Cruz. This permits the possibility of re-establishing a reconstructed subspecies from selective breeding of the hybrid animals.
Pinta Island
The Pinta Island subspecies (abingdoni, now extinct in the wild) is most closely related to the subspecies on the islands of San Cristóbal (chathamensis) and Española (hoodensis) which lie over 300 kilometers (190 mi) away,[29] rather than neighbouring Isabela as previously assumed. This relationship is attributable to dispersal by the strong local current from San Cristóbal towards Pinta. The discovery informed further attempts for the preservation of the abingdoni lineage and the search for an appropriate mate for Lonesome George, who had been penned with females from Isabela. This hope was bolstered by the discovery of an abingdoni hybrid male in the Volcán Wolf population on northern Isabela, raising the possibility that there are more living undiscovered Pinta descendants.

Santa Cruz Island
Mitochondrial DNA studies of tortoises on Santa Cruz show up to three genetically distinct lineages found in non-overlapping population distributions around the regions of Cerro Monturra, Cerro Fatal and La Caseta. Although currently united in a single subspecies (porteri), the lineages are all more closely related to tortoises on other islands than to each other; Cerro Monturra tortoises are most closely related to duncanensis from Pinzón, Cerro Fatal to chathamensis from San Cristóbal, and La Caseta to the four southern races of Isabela.
galapagos tortoiseEvolutionary history
All subspecies of Galápagos tortoise evolved from common ancestors that arrived from mainland South America by overwater dispersal. The minimal founding population was a pregnant female or a breeding pair.[29] Survival on the 1000-km oceanic journey is accounted for by the fact that the tortoises are buoyant, can breathe by extending their necks above the water, and are able to survive months without food or fresh water. As they are poor swimmers, the journey was probably a passive one facilitated by the Humboldt Current, which diverts westwards towards the Galápagos Islands from the mainland.

The closest living relative (though not a direct ancestor) of the Galápagos giant tortoise is the Argentine tortoise (Chelonoidis chilensis), a much smaller species from South America. The divergence between C. chilensis and C. nigra probably occurred 6–12 million years ago, an evolutionary event preceding the volcanic formation of the oldest modern Galápagos Islands 5 million years ago.[52] Mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that the oldest existing islands (Española and San Cristóbal) were colonised first, and that these populations seeded the younger islands via dispersal in a "stepping stone" fashion via local currents. Restricted gene flow between isolated islands then resulted in the independent evolution of the populations into the divergent forms observed in the modern subspecies. The evolutionary relationships between the subspecies thus echo the volcanic history of the islands.

Subspecies genetics
Modern DNA methods have revealed new information on the relationships between the subspecies:

Isabela Island
A distinct population was once thought to inhabit each of the five main volcanoes of the largest island Isabela: (Wolf, Darwin, Alcedo, Sierra Negra, and Cerro Azul). The four southern populations on Isabela, though separated from each other by barren stretches of lava between volcanoes, are in fact a single genetic unit derived from colonists from Santa Cruz. The genetically distinct Volcán Wolf subspecies in northern Isabela (becki) is probably the result of a separate colonisation event from Santiago. Tortoises from Sierra Negra in southern Isabela (formerly guentheri) are possibly the ancestral source of dispersal to the volcanoes Darwin (formely microphyes), Alcedo (formerly vandenburghi) and Cerro Azul (vicina). On this basis, the southern populations on Isabela may be considered as a single subspecies vicina, with morphological differences attributable to age, sex or local environment
galapagos tortoise
galapagos tortoise pics
galapagos tortoise eat grass
galapagos tortoise
galapagos tortoise and

galapagos tortoise

Frilled lizards australian danger

2011-07-08T03:27:00.000-07:00

The frill-necked lizard href=" (Chlamydosaurus kingii)"> (Chlamydosaurus kingii), also known as the frilled lizard or frilled dragon, is found mainly in northern Australia and southern New Guinea. Its name comes from the large frill around its neck, which usually stays folded against thttp://www.blogger.com/img/blank.gifhe lizard's body. It is largely arbhttp://www.blogger.com/img/blank.gifohttp://www.blogger.com/img/blank.gifreal, spending the majority of the time in the trees. The lizard's diet consists mainly of insects and small vertebrates. The frill-necked lizard is a relatively large lizard, reaching up to 91.4 cm in length. It may also be kept in captivity.Description
The frill-necked lizard is so called because of the large ruff of skin which usually lies folded back against its head and neck. The neck frill is supported by long spines of cartilage which are connected to the jaw bones. When the lizard is frightened, it gapes its mouth, exposing a bright pink or yhttp://www.blogger.com/img/blank.gifellow lining; the frill flares out as well, displaying bright orange and red scales. This reaction is often used to discourage predators or during courtship. The lizard is a member of the agamid family. It a relatively large lizard, growing up to 91.4 cm. The lizard is also capable of bipedal locomotion.

The frill-necked lizard does not have a standard colour; however, it is characterised by a body that is darker than its frill. There is only one recorded species of the frill-necked lizard; however, the immense variations of colour among the species has led some scientists to hypothesise more than one species.

HabitatThe frill-necked lizard is found mainly in the northern regions of Australia and southern New Guinea. The lizard inhabits humid climates such as those in the tropical savannah woodlands. The frill-necked lizard is an arboreal lizard, meaning it spends a majority of its time in the trees. The lizard ventures to the floor only in search of food, or to engage in territorial conflicts.[citation needed] The arboreal habitat may be a product of the lizard's diet, which consists mainly of small arthropods and vertebrates (usually smaller lizards).[citation needed] However, the trees are most importantly used for camouflage. There is not one standard colour: rather, colouration varies according to the lizard's environment. For example, a lizard found in a dryer, clay filled environment will most likely have a collage of oranges, reds, and browns; whereas a lizard found in a damper, more tropical region will tend to show darker browns and greys. This suggests that the lizards use their habitats for protection in the form of camouflage.Diet
Like many lizards, frill-necked lizards are insectivorous, feeding on cicadas, beetles, and termites. They especially favour butterflies and moths, their larvae even more so.Though insects are their primary source of food, they also consume spiders, other lizards, and small mammals. Like most members of the agamids (dragons), frill-necked lizards employ an ambush method of hunting, lying in wait for their prey. When the lizards eat, they eat in abundance; these binge periods usually occur during the wet season, when the lizards will ingest hundreds to thousands of alates (ants or termites).
Frilled lizards
Frilled lizards
Frilled lizards pictures
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Frilled lizards in australia
Frilled lizards
Frilled lizards
Frilled lizards

Animal wallpapers for desktop

2011-06-21T03:08:00.000-07:00

Animal wallpapers for desktop
Animal wallpapers for desktop
Animal wallpapers for desktop
Animal wallpapers for desktop
Animal wallpapers for desktop
Animal wallpapers for desktop
Animal wallpapers for desktop
Animal wallpapers for desktop
Animal wallpapers for desktop

entertainment wallpapers

2011-06-21T01:59:00.001-07:00

entertainment wallpapers
entertainment wallpapers
entertainment wallpapers
entertainment wallpapers
entertainment wallpapers
Entertainment wallpapers
Entertainment wallpapers
Entertainment wallpapers
Entertainment wallpapers
Entertainment wallpapers

world biggest snake

2011-06-16T20:42:00.000-07:00

world biggest snake
world biggest snake
world biggest snake
world biggest snake
world biggest snake
world biggest snake
world biggest snake
world biggest snake
world biggest snake
world biggest snake
world biggest snake
world biggest snake

dangerous birds in australia

2011-06-16T20:34:00.000-07:00

dangerous birds in australia
dangerous birds in australia
dangerous birds in australia
dangerous birds in australia
dangerous birds in australia
dangerous birds in australia
dangerous birds in australia
dangerous birds in australia
dangerous birds in australia
dangerous birds in australia

blue crowned pigeon beautifull birds

2011-06-16T20:25:00.000-07:00

blue crowned pigeon
blue crowned pigeon
blue crowned pigeon
blue crowned pigeon
blue crowned pigeon birds
blue crowned pigeon birds
blue crowned pigeon birds
blue crowned pigeon birds
blue crowned pigeon birds

dangerous wallpapers

2011-06-16T20:18:00.000-07:00

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wildlife world zoo

2011-06-13T03:32:00.000-07:00

wildlife world zoo
wildlife world zoo
wildlife world zoo
wildlife world zoo
wildlife world zoo
wildlife world zoo
wildlife world zoo
wildlife world zoo
wildlife world zoo
wildlife world zoo

birds love wallpapers

2011-06-13T03:21:00.000-07:00

birds love wallpapers
birds love wallpapers
birds love wallpapers
birds love wallpapers
birds love
birds love
birds love
birds love
birds love
birds love
birds love

pelican fly birds

2011-06-13T03:12:00.000-07:00

pelican fly birds
pelican fly birds
pelican fly birds
pelican fly birds
pelican fly birds
pelican fly
pelican fly

birds wallpapers

2011-06-13T02:59:00.000-07:00

birds wallpapers
birds wallpapers
birds wallpapers
birds wallpapers
birds wallpapers
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most dangerous bears

2011-06-13T02:47:00.000-07:00

most dangerous bears
most dangerous bears
most dangerous bears
most dangerous bears
most dangerous bears
most dangerous bears
most dangerous bears
most dangerous bears

dangerous hunts 2011

2011-06-13T02:36:00.000-07:00

dangerous hunts 2011
dangerous hunts 2011
dangerous hunts 2011
dangerous hunts 2011
dangerous hunts 2011

The common loon pictures

2011-06-13T02:25:00.000-07:00

The common loon pictures
The common loon pictures
The common loon
The common loon
common loon pictures
The common loon pictures
The common loon
The common loon
The common loon
The common loon
common loon

common earthworm

2011-06-07T01:00:00.000-07:00

Earthworm is the common name for the largest members of Oligochaeta (which is either a class or subclass depending on the author) in the phylum Annelida. In classical systems they were placed in the order Opisthopora, on the basis of the male pores opening posterior to the female pores, even though the internal male segments are anterior to the female. Theoretical cladistic studies have placed them instead in the suborder Lumbricina of the order Haplotaxida, but this may again soon change. Folk names for the earthworm include "dew-worm", "Rainworm", "night crawler" and "angleworm" (due to its use as fishing bait).

Earthworms are also called megadriles (or big worms), as opposed to the microdriles (or small worms) in the families Tubificidae, Lumbriculidae, and Enchytraeidae, among others. The megadriles are characterized by having a distinct clitellum (which is much more obvious than the single-layered one of the microdriles) and a vascular system with true capillaries.
Anatomy
The basic body plan of an earthworm is a tube, the digestive system, within a tube, the muscular slimy, moist outer body. The body is annular, formed of segments that are most specialized in the anterior. Earthworms have a simple closed circulatory system. They have two main blood vessels that extend through the length of their body: a ventral blood vessel which leads the blood to the posterior end, and a dorsal blood vessel which leads to the anterior end. The dorsal vessel is contractile and pumps blood forward, where it is pumped into the ventral vessel by a series of "hearts" (aortic arches) which vary in number in the different taxa. The blood is distributed from the ventral vessel into capillaries on the body wall and other organs and into a vascular sinus in the gut wall, where gases and nutrients are exchanged. This arrangement may be complicated in the various groups by suboesophageal, supraoesophageal, parietal and neural vessels, but the basic arrangement holds in all earthworms. Most earthworms are decomposers feeding on undecayed leaf and other plant matter, others are more geophagous.
Earthworms are hermaphrodites: They typically have two pairs of testes, surrounded by 2 pairs of testes sacs. There are 2 or 4 pairs of seminal vesicles which produce, store and release the sperm via the male pores, and ovaries and ovipores in segment 13 that release eggs via female pores on segment 14. However, most also have one or more pairs of spermathecae (depending on the species) that are internal sacs which receive and store sperm from the other worm in copulation. Some species use external spermatophores for transfer instead.
common earthworm
common earthworm
common earthworm
common earthworm
common earthworm
common earthworm

coelacanth fish

2011-06-07T00:56:00.000-07:00

Coelacanths ( /ˈsiːləkænθ/, adaptation of Modern Latin Cœlacanthus "hollow spine", from Greek κοῖλ-ος koilos "hollow" + ἄκανθ-α akantha "spine", referring to the hollow caudal fin rays of the first fossil specimen described and named by Agassiz in 1839[1]) are members of an order of fish that includes the oldest living lineage of Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish + tetrapods) known to date.

Coelacanths belong to the subclass Actinistia, a group of lobed-finned fish that are related to lungfish and other extinct Devonian fish like osteolepiforms, porolepiforms, rhizodonts, and Panderichthys.[1] Coelacanths were thought to have gone extinct in the Late Cretaceous, but were rediscovered in 1938 off the coast of South Africa.[2] Latimeria chalumnae and the Latimeria menadoensis are the only two living coelacanth species and are found along the coastlines of the Indian Ocean.[3] The coelacanth has been nicknamed a “living fossil”, because its fossils were found long before the actual discovery of a live specimen.[1] The coelacanth is thought to have first evolved approximately 400 million years ago.
The coelacanths, which are related to lungfishes and tetrapods, were believed to have been extinct since the end of the Cretaceous period. More closely related to tetrapods than even the ray-finned fish, coelacanths were considered the "missing link" between the fish and the tetrapods until the first Latimeria specimen was found off the east coast of South Africa, off the Chalumna River (now Tyalomnqa) in 1938.[5] Museum curator Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer discovered the fish among the catch of a local fisher, Captain Hendrick Goosen, on December 23, 1938.[5] A local chemistry professor, JLB Smith, confirmed the fish's importance with a famous cable: "MOST IMPORTANT PRESERVE SKELETON AND GILLS = FISH DESCRIBED".[5]

The discovery of a species still living, when they were believed to have gone extinct 65 million years ago, makes the coelacanth the most well-known example of a Lazarus taxon, a species that seems to have disappeared from the fossil record only to reappear much later. Since 1938, Latimeria chalumnae have been found in the Comoros, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar, and in iSimangaliso Wetland Park, Kwazulu-Natal in South Africa.

The second extant species, L. menadoensis, was described from Manado Sulawesi, Indonesia in 1999 by Pouyaud et al.[6] based on a specimen discovered by Erdmann in 1998[7] and deposited at the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). The first specimen of this species was only photographed at a local market by Arnaz and Mark Erdmann before being bought by a shopper.

The coelacanth has no real commercial value, apart from being coveted by museums and private collectors. As a food fish the coelacanth is almost worthless, as its tissues exude oils that give the flesh a foul flavour.[8] The continued survivability of the coelacanth may be at threat due to commercial deep-sea trawling.
coelacanth fish
coelacanth fish
coelacanth fish
coelacanth fish
coelacanth fish
coelacanth fish
coelacanth fish
coelacanth fish
coelacanth fish
coelacanth
coelacanth

clown anemonefish

2011-06-07T00:40:00.000-07:00

clown anemonefish
clown anemonefish
clown anemonefish
clown anemonefish
clown anemonefish
clown anemonefish
clown anemonefish

clouded leopard pictuires

2011-06-07T00:33:00.000-07:00

clouded leopard
clouded leopard pictuires
clouded leopard pictuires
clouded leopard pictuires
clouded leopard pictuires
clouded leopard
clouded leopard
clouded leopard
clouded leopard

chipmunks cartoon pictuires

2011-06-07T00:27:00.000-07:00

chipmunks cartoon pictuires
chipmunks cartoon pictuires
chipmunks cartoon pictuires
chipmunks cartoon pictuires
chipmunks cartoon
chipmunks cartoon
chipmunks cartoon
chipmunks
chipmunks

snakes fight mongoose

2011-06-03T20:03:00.000-07:00

snakes fight mongoose
snakes fight mongoose
snakes fight mongoose
snakes fight mongoose
snakes fight mongoose
snakes fight mongoose
snakes fight mongoose
snakes fight mongoose
snakes fight
snakes fight

naja naja snake

2011-05-30T23:05:00.000-07:00

naja naja snake
naja naja snake
naja naja snake
naja naja snake
naja naja snake
naja naja snake
naja naja snake
naja naja snake

monitor lizard dangerous

2011-05-20T20:49:00.000-07:00

monitor lizard dangerous
monitor lizard dangerous
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monitor lizard dangerous
monitor lizard
monitor lizard
monitor lizard
monitor lizard

red tailed shark tropical beautifull fish

2011-05-20T20:36:00.001-07:00

red tailed shark
red tailed shark
red tailed shark
red tailed shark
red tailed shark
red tailed shark
red tailed shark
red tailed shark fish
red tailed shark
red tailed shark fish
red tailed shark
red tailed shark fish

red cobra snake

2011-05-20T20:26:00.000-07:00

The Red Spitting Cobra (Naja pallida), is a species of spitting cobra native to Africa. This species is one of several spittings cobra in Africa. Spitting cobras do not spit their venom. Instead, they spray their venom to their enemies, and if the venom gets into the eyes, it can cause intense pain and temporary or even permanent blindness.Description
This is a relatively small-sized cobra, with maximum length of 120 cm (4 ft)[dubious – discuss] and smaller sized specimen of about 60 cm (2 ft) to 75 cm (2 ft 6 in). Body color of this species has great variation from red, deep orange, pale red, pinkish and light brown. Red Spitting Cobras found in Northern Africa have duller color while others are much brighter. There is a black band on the underside of the neck. Like most other spitting cobras, the hood of the Red Spitting Cobra is narrow compared with the Indian Cobra and the Cape Cobra. It also has a small round head and a pair of rather large eyes.
Distribution and habitat
The Red Spitting Cobra is mainly found in Eastern Africa, including Kenya and Sudan. It primarily inhabits dry savanna and semi-desert area. It is quite common to be found in oasis in desert where it hunts.

red cobra snake
red cobra snake
red cobra snake

red cobra snake